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Standard In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI), also known as the first and second generation IVF
1. Ovarian Stimulation:
● The treatment begins with ovarian stimulation from the beginning of a menstrual cycle, where the patient takes hormonal medications (subcutaneous injections) to encourage the ovaries to produce multiple eggs. This is crucial because more eggs increase the yield of more good embryos.
2. Monitoring and Egg Retrieval:
● During stimulation, regular monitoring through ultrasounds tracks the development of the ovarian follicles. Once the follicles are mature, a trigger shot is administered to finalize egg maturation.
● Egg retrieval is performed approximately 36 hours after the trigger shot. This minor surgical procedure involves using a thin needle to extract eggs from the ovaries under ultrasound guidance, typically under sedation.
3. Fertilization:
● The retrieved eggs are then fertilized with sperm in a laboratory. This can be done through conventional insemination, where eggs and sperm are mixed together, or via intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), where a single sperm is injected directly into an egg.
4. Embryo Culture:
● Fertilized eggs, now embryos, are cultured in a controlled environment for 3 to 6 days, allowing the evaluation of embryo viability and quality.
5. Embryo Transfer:
● The healthiest embryo(s) are selected for transfer into the patient's uterus. This is a simple, non-surgical procedure where a thin catheter is used to place the embryo into the uterine cavity under the guidance of ultrasound.
6. Pregnancy Test:
● About 10 to 14 days after the embryo transfer, a urine pregnancy or blood test is conducted to determine if the procedure has been successful.
